Which term refers to the likelihood that results might be due to chance?

The term that refers to the likelihood that results might be due to chance is statistical significance. In the field of psychology and other sciences, statistical significance indicates whether the findings of a study are likely to reflect a true effect rather than occurring randomly. Researchers use statistical tests to analyze data and determine the probability that the observed outcomes would occur by chance alone. If this probability is low (commonly set at a p-value of less than 0.05), the results are considered statistically significant, leading researchers to conclude that there is likely an underlying effect or association present in the data.

Clinical significance, on the other hand, relates to whether the size of the effect is meaningful in practical terms, assessing the real-world relevance of the findings. Pseudoscience refers to beliefs or practices that claim to be based on scientific evidence but do not adhere to the scientific method. Content validity deals with how well a test measures the construct it intends to measure. Each of these terms addresses different aspects of research and findings, with statistical significance specifically focusing on the interpretation of results in terms of chance.