Which substances can prolong the action of norepinephrine by slowing its reuptake process?

The substances that prolong the action of norepinephrine by slowing its reuptake process are primarily cocaine and amphetamines. Both of these substances act on the brain's neurotransmitter systems, with a significant effect on norepinephrine levels.

Cocaine functions as a reuptake inhibitor, blocking the transport mechanisms that would typically clear norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft. This leads to an increase in norepinephrine's availability and prolongs its action on the receptors. Similarly, amphetamines can also increase norepinephrine levels through several mechanisms. Not only do they inhibit reuptake, but they also promote the release of norepinephrine from presynaptic neurons, effectively enhancing its overall action in the brain.

Understanding the mechanism of action for these substances helps clarify how they influence mood, attention, and alertness, which align with their stimulant properties. These interactions ultimately lead to the well-documented effects associated with the use of cocaine and amphetamines, such as increased energy and enhanced focus, stemming from elevated norepinephrine levels in the synaptic cleft.