Which of the following is typically measured as a dependent variable in psychological research?

In psychological research, the dependent variable refers to the outcome that is measured or observed to assess the effect of changes made to the independent variable. When researchers conduct experiments, they manipulate the independent variable to observe how it impacts participants’ responses or behaviors, which are the dependent variables. Therefore, measuring the responses or behaviors of participants provides valuable data on whether and how the manipulation affected them. This essential component allows researchers to draw conclusions about the relationship between variables, thus facilitating an understanding of psychological phenomena.