What is the main characteristic of correlational research?

Correlational research primarily focuses on investigating relationships between two or more variables without manipulating them. This approach allows researchers to observe patterns and associations that may exist in naturally occurring data. By looking at how variables are related, researchers can identify positive or negative correlations, but they cannot make definitive conclusions about causation.

For instance, if a study finds that higher levels of stress are associated with poorer sleep quality, this suggests a relationship, but it does not indicate that one causes the other. This approach is valuable because it can provide insights and guide further research, especially when manipulation of variables is impractical or unethical.

Understanding that correlational research does not imply causation is crucial in distinguishing it from experimental research, where researchers actively manipulate variables to see their effects. The other options describe aspects of research methods that do not align with the non-manipulative nature of correlational analysis.