What does it mean if a claim is described as pseudoscience?

A claim is described as pseudoscience when it lacks credible scientific evidence. This means that the claims made are not supported by systematic and rigorous scientific methodology, nor are they reviewed or validated through peer-reviewed processes. Pseudoscience often presents itself as scientific, using jargon and concepts that may sound credible, but upon closer examination, the underlying evidence is either weak or nonexistent. For example, pseudoscientific claims may rely on anecdotal evidence or untestable assertions rather than on controlled experiments or empirical data.

In contrast, robust scientific theories and claims are characterized by their strong empirical support, adherence to rigorous methodologies, and inclusion in peer-reviewed literature, which contributes to the validation and acceptance within the scientific community. This distinction is crucial in psychology and other fields where misinterpretation of pseudoscientific claims can lead to ineffective or harmful treatments and beliefs.