What does epigenetics study?

Epigenetics is a field that investigates how external environmental factors can influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. This means that while the genetic code itself remains the same, factors such as diet, stress, and exposure to toxins can lead to changes in how genes are turned on or off. These changes can affect an individual's traits and behaviors and can even be passed on to future generations, impacting offspring without modifying the genetic code itself.

The study of epigenetics is particularly significant in understanding complex traits and disorders, as it highlights the interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental influences. By focusing on how external factors regulate the expression of genes, epigenetics offers insights into developmental processes and how various factors can contribute to the risk of developing psychological disorders. This understanding is crucial for dissecting the complexities of behavior and mental health.