What defines a random sample in research?

A random sample is defined by the principle that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. This aspect is crucial because it helps ensure that the sample is representative of the larger population, which enhances the generalizability of the research findings. By allowing every individual in the population an equal opportunity to be selected, the researcher minimizes biases that could arise from systematic sampling methods.

In contrast, choosing participants based on researcher preferences can introduce significant bias, as it limits the diversity of the sample and may not reflect the population accurately. Similarly, selecting participants with similar characteristics restricts the variability within the sample and compromises the ability to generalize results. Lastly, including only accessible individuals can lead to convenience sampling, which may not be representative of the broader population and could skew the results. Therefore, the definition of a random sample relies on the randomization process, which supports the integrity and reliability of the research findings.